Ecosystem services refer to the benefits that humans receive from natural ecosystems. These services can include things like clean air and water, pollination of crops, and natural resources for food and medicine. Ecosystem services are crucial for human well-being and survival, as they provide essential support for agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and other economic activities. Understanding and valuing ecosystem services is important for sustainable land and resource management, as well as for conservation and biodiversity protection efforts. Researchers in this field study the relationships between ecosystems and human societies, and work to develop strategies for sustainable use of natural resources and the preservation of ecosystem services for future generations.